依然胡思乱想中......

易卜生对海达这个对人生有诗性渴求、高度神经质且极具破坏力的女性既是充满同情又是批评的。                           ——该剧策划  费春放

 

好一个心比天高的海达

 

5月26日，作为北京国际演出季的剧目之一，杭州越剧院在北京民族宫大剧院上演了他们的新戏[心比天高]。虽然是一出新剧目，而且其一个半小时的演出时间也表明了这只是一台小戏，但是根据现代戏剧之父亨利·易卜生名剧《海达·高布乐》精心改编的越剧《心比天高》，还是为北京观众带来了传统越剧的全新感受。今年是越剧诞生一百周年，同时也是易卜生逝世一百周年，在这两个百年的跨度之下，再看[心比天高]，似乎会多了一些别样的感受。

虽然在我国，[玩偶之家]是易卜生影响力最大的一部剧作，但是在西方，《海达·高布乐》才是被公认为的易卜生最出色的剧作，在主题的现代性和性格的复杂性方面可谓登峰造极。该剧讲述的主人公高海达是个才华横溢的女子，父亲去世，家道中落，为在男权社会中求生存与发展，离开了她深爱过的怪才文柏，嫁给了家境好仕途稳的书生思梦。不料文伯在西娅的协助下写出了一部书稿，声名大震。眼看就要夺走思梦觊觎的官职。位高权重的白大人故意安排文柏吃花酒诱其旧瘾复发，丢失了书稿，思梦无意捡到书稿却被嫉妒的海达烧毁。文伯找书稿时与官员发生争执，乱中被杀。令海达心碎。思梦感叹一部旷世巨著完了，继而一心和西娅共同整理文伯的笔记，令海达失落。白大人乘人之危胁迫海达，令海达憎恶。空怀满腹才情，在内疚、绝望、悔恨但依然高傲的海达拔剑自尽。

一个智慧的女子高海达在男权社会中追求自己的理想、爱情却不能实现，由于嫉妒而毁灭了一切……这个海达是痛苦的，挣扎在两个男人中间，挣扎在爱情与名声中间，挣扎在嫉妒与复仇之间，最终毁灭了自己的爱情，也毁灭了自己。一个绝对的现代女性海达，以最传统的戏曲形式表达，二者在[心比天高]中奇妙的获得了统一，也因此具有了打动人心的力量。该剧在今年1月份，曾受邀参加挪威“2006国际易卜生纪念活动”的开幕演出，并演出了一个三分半钟的折子。没想到却受到了挪威国王、王后以及首相的赞赏，因为“每一个挪威人都知道海达是要自杀的，但是用中国戏曲特有的手法来体现她的自杀，还是第一次看到，感觉真得很奇妙！”而挪威方面也当即作出决定，在今年夏季再度邀请杭州越剧院到挪威演出全本[心比天高]。

刚刚过完百年寿诞的越剧，生存状况并不让人乐观：百岁后的越剧，市场该怎么做，恐怕是每一个越剧人心里挥之不去的问题。在这个大背景下探索越剧的出路，大家都在想办法，因此杭州越剧院有了大戏[流花溪]，以越剧来展现四代妇女命运，历史沧桑；也有了小戏[心比天高]，虽然不实验、不先锋，但本着越剧传统的路子在题材、音乐、舞台布景和灯光上选择突破，为传统戏曲增添现代色彩同时又不失根本，是一种稳妥地探索。

海达·高布乐被西方各国评论界公认为最复杂最有争议也最值得品味的戏剧人物之一，所以有男演哈姆雷特，女演海达·高布乐一说。因此对于演员而言，这是一次挑战。扮演海达的女演员周妤俊是第一次担任主演，但是她非常兴奋能够出演这个角色，以往唱的都是才子佳人的故事，女人要内敛，要温柔如水；哪里会有这个海达如此生动，坚定、自信，有强烈的权势欲望，爱憎分明，大胆的爱、勇敢的恨，连恶也是毫无掩饰的，这样旗帜鲜明的人物，演起来虽然辛苦，可是却很过瘾！！杭州越剧院的侯院长在新戏中大胆启用新人，也源自于对周妤俊的信心：相信她有这个潜质能出来！她的这个角色也获得了导演支涛、展敏的一致认可，至于易卜生的老乡们，早就在今年1月份被她的海达打动了！

当然，作为一出新戏，[心比天高]虽然还有相当多的不足，例如除了海达人物形象丰满外，其他的人物都较为单薄，无法和海达形成呼应，情节进展到后期较为仓促，一个半小时情节较慢等，但他仍然是个好戏坯子。从北京回到杭州后，[心比天高]将担负起拓展新观众的人物，前往高校巡演，当周妤俊在舞台上展现海达追求自身价值时遭遇的迷茫与困惑，相信年轻人也会与这个海达心有戚戚焉！

用越剧演出易卜生的戏剧是一个什么调调，没有看见之前恐怕很难想象，我看得越剧不多，因此只能想象出关于才子佳人的故事，既然是根据西方故事改编，想来一定比较实验，倒是有些意思了。也不枉我为此跑了一趟杭州。

易卜生这戏的原名叫做[海达·高各布]，这是剧中女主角的名字。越剧的名字叫[心蔽天高]，这大概能概括女主角的性格，心比天高然而命比纸薄，当然海达不像我们平常见到的中国女性在舞台上的形象，温良恭俭让，即使是有些张扬活泼但是无论如何也使善良的，而海达是泼辣的、大胆的，美丽张扬才华横溢，但可惜，无论是在易卜生笔下的西方，还是在吴侬软语的江南，海达所处的时代只能让她把梦想和前程寄托在男人身上，尽管他看不起那个男人，却还得依靠他为自己挣的名声。海达爱的男人和她在一起的时候是个落拓不羁的浪子，而海达离开他之后，这男人竟然改过自新，就要和别的女人有了前程，此情此景，骄傲的海达如何能够容忍，在嫉妒心作祟下，他亲手毁掉了自己爱的男人的前程，然而可悲的是，作为女人的海达，是不可能快乐的，最终她万念俱灰，毁掉了自己的生命。

当然，作为一出戏，在1个半小时内就要容纳下着许多的内容含量，是相当困难的，这也使得[心比天高]除了主人公海达形象饱满，塑造成功，其他人物都相当简单和草率。不过我要说的事，真得很喜欢海达这个女性，因为中国戏剧作品中实在是太少看到这样的女性形象了，他是真女人，喜怒哀乐，强烈的嫉妒心，骄傲，唯我独尊，甚至有强烈的女权色彩，如此现代的女性形象，真实、强烈，没法让人不喜欢。也正因为如此，编剧在改编易卜生作品的时候，担心中国观众的接受力，极力淡化海达的女权色彩，这可以看作是中外观众欣赏心理的不同。

其实，每个女人心里都有一个海达。

Find your birthday and then find your tree.
This is really cool and somewhat accurate.

Dec 23 to Jan 01 - Apple Tree
Jan 01 to Jan 11 - Fir Tree
Jan 12 to Jan 24 - Elm Tree
Jan 25 to Feb 03 - Cypress Tree
Feb 04 to Feb 08 - Poplar Tree
Feb 09 to Feb 18 - Cedar Tree
Feb 19 to Feb 28 - Pine Tree
Mar 01 to Mar 10 - Weeping Willow Tree
Mar 11 to Mar 20 - Lime Tree
Mar 21 (only) -Oak Tree
Mar 22 to Mar 31 - Hazelnut Tree
Apr 01 to Apr 10 - Rowan Tree
Apr 11 to Apr 20 - Maple Tree
Apr 21 to Apr 30 - Walnut Tree
May 01 to May 14 - Poplar Tree
May 15 to May 24 - Chestnut Tree
May 25 to Jun 03 - Ash Tree
Jun 04 to Jun 13 - Hornbeam Tree
Jun 14 to Jun 23 -! Fig Tree
Jun 24 (only) - Birch Tree
Jun 25 to Jul 04 - Apple Tree
Jul 05 to Jul 14 - Fir Tree
Jul 15 to Jul 25 - Elm Tree
Jul 26 to Aug 04 - Cypress Tree
Aug 05 to Aug 13 - Poplar Tree
Aug 14 to Aug 23 - Cedar Tree
Aug 24 to Sep 02 - Pine Tree
Sep 03 to Sep 12 - Weeping Willow Tree
Sep 13 to Sep 22 - Lime Tree
Sep 23 (onl y) - Olive Tree
Sep 24 to Oct 03 - Hazelnut Tree
Oct 04 to Oct 13 - Rowan Tree
Oct 14 to Oct 23 - Maple Tree
Oct 24 to Nov 11 - Walnut Tree
Nov 12 to Nov 21 - Chestnut Tree
Nov 22 to Dec 01 - Ash Tree
Dec 02 to Dec 11 - Hornbeam Tree
Dec 12 to Dec 21 - Fig Tree
Dec 22 (only) - Beech Tree

YOUR TREE (in alphabetical order)

Apple Tree (Love) -- quiet and shy at times, lots of charm, appeal, and attraction, pleasant attitude, flirtatious smile, adventurous, sensitive, loyal in love, wants to love and be loved, faithful and tender partner, very generous, many talents, loves children, needs affectionate partner.

Ash Tree (Ambition) -- extremely attractive, vivacious, impulsive, demanding, does not care for criticism, ambitious, intelligent, restless lover, sometimes money rules over the heart, demands attention, needs love and much emotional support.

Beech Tree (Creative) -- has good taste, concerned about its looks, materialistic, good organization of life and career, economical, good leader, takes no unnecessary risks, reasonable, splendid lifetime companion, keen on keep ing fit (diets, sports, etc.)

Birch Tree (Inspiration) -- vivacious, attractive, elegant, friendly, unpretentious, modest, does not like anything in excess,abhors the vulgar, loves life in nature and in calm, not very passionate, full of imagination, little ambition, creates a calm and content atmosphere.

Cedar Tree (Confidence) -- of rare strength, knows how to adapt, likes unexpected presents, of good health, not in the least shy, tends to look down on others, self-confident, a great speaker, determined,often impatient, likes to impress others, has many talents, industrious, healthy optimism, waits for the one true love, able to make quick decisions.

Chestnut Tree (Honesty) -- of unusual stature, impressive, well-developed sense of justice, fun to be around, a planner, born diplomat, can be irritated easily, sensitive of others feelings, hard worker, sometimes acts superior, feels not understood at times, fiercely family oriented, very loyal in love, physically fit.

Cypress Tree (Faithfulness) -- strong, muscular, adaptable, takes what life has to give but doesn't necessarily like it, strives to be ontent, optimistic, wants to be financially independent, wants love and affection, hates loneliness, passionate lover which cannot be satisfied, faithful, quick-tempered at times, can be unruly and careless, loves to gain knowledge, needs to be needed.

Elm Tree (Noble-mindedness) -- pleasant shape, tasteful clothes, modest demands, tends not to forgive mistakes, cheerful, likes to lead but not to obey, honest and faithful partner, likes making decisions for others, noble-minded, generous, good sense of humor, practical.

Fig Tree (Sensibility) -- very strong minded, a bit self-willed honest, loyal, independent, hates contradiction or arguments, hard worker when wants to be, loves life and friends, enjoys children and animals, great sense of humor, has artistic talent and great intelligence.

Fir tree (Mysterious) -- extraordinary taste, handles stress well, loves anything beautiful, stubborn, tends to care for those close to them, hard to trust others, yet a social butterfly, likes idleness and laziness after long demanding hours at work, rather modest, talented, unselfish, many friends, very reliable.

Hazelnut Tree (Extraordinary) -- charming, sense of humor, very demanding but can also be very understanding, knows how to make a lasting impression, active fighter for social causes and politics, popular, quite moody, honest, a perfectionist, has a precise sense of judgment and expects complete fairness.

Hornbeam Tree (Good Taste) -- of cool beauty, cares for its looks and condition, good taste, is not egotistic, makes life as comfortable as possible, leads a reasonable and disciplined life, looks for kindness and acknowledgment in an emotional partner, dreams of unusual lovers, is seldom happy with its feelings, mistrusts most people, is never sure of its decisions, very conscientious.

Lime Tree (Doubt) -- intelligent, hard working, accepts what life dishes out, but not before trying to change bad circumstances into good ones, hates fighting and stress, enjoys getaway vacations, may appear tough, but is actually soft and relenting, always willing to make sacrifices for family and friends, has many talents but not always enough time to use them, can become a complainer, great leadership qualities, is jealous at times but extremely loyal.

Maple Tree (Independence of Mind) -- no ordinary person, full of imagination and originality, shy and reserved, ambitious, proud, self-confident, hungers for new experiences, sometimes nervous, has many complexities, good memory, learns easily, complicated love life, wants to impress.

Oak Tree (Brave) -- robust nature, courageous, strong, unrelenting, independent, sensible, does not like change, keeps its feet on the ground, person of action.

Olive Tree (Wisdom) -- loves sun, warmth and kind feelings, reasonable, balanced, avoids aggression and violence, tolerant, cheerful, calm, well-developed sense of justice, sensitive, empathetic, free of jealousy, loves to read and the company of sophisticated people.

Pine Tree (Peacemaker) -- loves agreeable company, craves peace and harmony, loves to help others, active imagination, likes to write poetry, not fashion conscious, great compassion, friendly to all, falls strongly in love but will leave if betrayed or lied to, emotionally soft, low self esteem, needs affection and reassurance.

Poplar Tree (Uncertainty) -- looks very decorative, talented, not very self-confident, extremely courageous if necessary, needs goodwill and pleasant surroundings, very choosy, often lonely, great animosity, great artistic nature, good organizer, tends to lean toward philosophy, reliable in any situation, takes partnership seriously.

Rowan Tree (Sensitivity) -- full of charm, cheerful, gifted without egoism, likes to draw attention, loves life, motion, unrest, and even complications, is both dependent and independent, good taste, extremely generous, artistic, passionate, emotional, good company, does not forgive.

Walnut Tree (Passion) -- unrelenting, strange and full of contrasts, often egotistic, aggressive, noble, broad horizon, unexpected reactions, spontaneous, unlimited ambition, no flexibility, difficult and uncommon partner, not always liked but often admired, ingenious strategist, very jealous and passionate, no compromise.

Weeping Willow (Melancholy) -- likes to be stress free, loves family life, full of hopes and dreams, attractive, very empathetic, loves anything beautiful, musically inclined, loves to travel to exotic places, restless, capricious, honest, can be influenced but is not easy to live with when pressured, sometimes demanding, good intuition suffers in love until they find that one loyal, steadfast partner; loves to make others laugh.